However, they require facilities and expert personnel for handling high explosives. Blast-driven shock tubes generate pressure waves that are more realistic to free-field blast waves. Compressed-gas driven shock tubes are more easily obtained and maintained in laboratory conditions however, the shape of the pressure wave is different from a blast wave in some important respects and may not be suitable for some applications. The tubes themselves were constructed of low-cost materials and produced shock waves with peak dynamic pressures of 7 MPa to 200 MPa and durations of a few hundred microseconds to several milliseconds.īoth compression-driven and blast-driven shock tubes are currently used for scientific as well as military applications. These ranged in diameter from 0.6 to 2 m and in length from 3 m to 15 m. In 1966, Duff and Blackwell described a type of shock tube driven by high explosives. In the 1940s, interest revived and shock tubes were increasingly used to study the flow of fast moving gases over objects, the chemistry and physical dynamics of gas phase combustion reactions. Ī shock wave inside a shock tube may be generated by a small explosion (blast-driven) or by the buildup of high pressures which cause diaphragm(s) to burst and a shock wave to propagate down the shock tube (compressed-gas driven).Īn early study of compression driven shock tubes was published in 1899 by French scientist Paul Vieille, though the apparatus was not called a shock tube until the 1940s. More recently, shock tubes have been used in biomedical research to study how biological specimens are affected by blast waves. Shock tubes are also used to investigate compressible flow phenomena and gas phase combustion reactions. Shock tubes (and related impulse facilities such as shock tunnels, expansion tubes, and expansion tunnels) can also be used to study aerodynamic flow under a wide range of temperatures and pressures that are difficult to obtain in other types of testing facilities. The shock tube is an instrument used to replicate and direct blast waves at a sensor or a model in order to simulate actual explosions and their effects, usually on a smaller scale. The plot shows different waves which are formed in the tube once the diaphragm is ruptured.
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